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PLC的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)的進(jìn)展，主要集中在兩個(gè)基本方面：執(zhí)行多任務(wù)和程序互換。

　　所謂執(zhí)行多任務(wù)，就是在一個(gè)PLC系統(tǒng)中可同時(shí)裝幾個(gè)模塊，每個(gè)模塊都執(zhí)行某一種任務(wù)，控制與其所執(zhí)行任務(wù)相關(guān)的I/O模塊的存取。其實(shí)，按照IEC 61131-3的概念，我們應(yīng)該更確切地稱之為通過(guò)多配置執(zhí)行多任務(wù)。例如，三菱電機(jī)的小Q系列多可以在一個(gè)機(jī)架上插4個(gè)模塊；富士電機(jī)的MICREX-SX系列多可以在一個(gè)機(jī)架上插6個(gè)模塊。這些模塊可以是專門用于邏輯控制、順序控制的，也可以是運(yùn)動(dòng)控制用的，還可以是做過(guò)程控制用的，上述在Windows操作系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境下執(zhí)行PC機(jī)任務(wù)的模塊，也是供用戶選擇的一種選項(xiàng)。從某種意義上講，這也是一種混合式的控制系統(tǒng)。

PLC的傳統(tǒng)軟件模型包括一個(gè)資源，運(yùn)行一個(gè)任務(wù)，控制一個(gè)程序，且運(yùn)行于一個(gè)封閉系統(tǒng)中。而在IEC 61131-3可編程控制器編程語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的軟件模型中，在其上層把解決一個(gè)具體控制問(wèn)題的完整的軟件概括為一個(gè)“配置”。它專指一個(gè)特定類型的控制系統(tǒng)，包括硬件裝置、處理資源、I/O通道的存貯地址和系統(tǒng)能力，等同于一個(gè)PLC系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用程序。在一個(gè)由多臺(tái)PLC或由多個(gè)構(gòu)成的PLC控制系統(tǒng)中，每一臺(tái)PLC或每一個(gè)的應(yīng)用程序就是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的“配置”。在一個(gè)“配置”中可以定義一個(gè)或多個(gè)“資源”。可把“資源”看作能執(zhí)行IEC程序的處理手段，它反映PLC的物理結(jié)構(gòu)，在程序和PLC的物理I/O通道之間提供了一個(gè)接口。只有在裝入“資源”后才能執(zhí)行IEC程序。一般而言，通常資源放在PLC內(nèi)，當(dāng)然它也可以放在其它支持IEC程序執(zhí)行的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)。在一個(gè)“資源”內(nèi)可以定義一個(gè)或多個(gè)任務(wù)。任務(wù)被配置后可以控制一組程序或功能塊。這些程序和功能塊可以是周期地執(zhí)行，也可以由一個(gè)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)予以執(zhí)行。

　　由此可見(jiàn)，該軟件模型足以映像各類實(shí)際系統(tǒng)：對(duì)于只有一個(gè)處理器的小型系統(tǒng)，其模型只有一個(gè)配置、一個(gè)資源和一個(gè)程序，與現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)PLC的情況完全相符。對(duì)于有多個(gè)模塊插裝在同一機(jī)架上的中、大型系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)模塊被視作一個(gè)配置，可由一個(gè)或多個(gè)資源來(lái)描述，而一個(gè)資源則包括一個(gè)或多個(gè)程序。對(duì)于分散型系統(tǒng)，包含多個(gè)配置，而一個(gè)配置又包含多個(gè)處理器，每個(gè)處理器用一個(gè)資源描述，每個(gè)資源則包括一個(gè)或多個(gè)程序。

　　值得指出的是，這個(gè)PLC結(jié)構(gòu)的革命性變化，顯然是建立在這個(gè)軟件模型的理論基礎(chǔ)上，要不然PLC還是由一個(gè)按掃描方式執(zhí)行一個(gè)程序的那種傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　至于程序互換的問(wèn)題，至少到目前為止尚是一個(gè)努力的方向。只有在每個(gè)PLC的供應(yīng)廠商所提供的PLC產(chǎn)品都真正遵循IEC 61131-3的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且其編程系統(tǒng)的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)又切實(shí)符合IEC 61131-8《編程語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用和實(shí)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)則》，并通過(guò)PLCopen這個(gè)國(guó)際組織對(duì)各種編程語(yǔ)言（LD、SFC、FBD、ST和IL）的一致性測(cè)試，還要解決不同PLC的存儲(chǔ)地址資源的對(duì)應(yīng)互換，才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)名副其實(shí)的程序互換。

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