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PM511V16 3BSE011181R1

PM511V16 3BSE011181R1ABB機器人挑戰(zhàn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)場外預制ABB機器人協(xié)助美國建筑公司Autovol完成更精準的場外預先建造，為該公司帶來更低的建筑成本、更少的建筑時間以及更高的精準率。Autovol作為一家將部分建筑提前建造后運輸?shù)绞┕がF(xiàn)場的預先建筑公司，利用ABB機器人來完成房屋的墻體、地面和屋頂?shù)淖詣咏M裝工程，機器人自動化為整個建筑流程節(jié)省了高達40%的時間。ABB IRB 2600墻體自主鉆孔應(yīng)用迅達作為電梯和自動扶梯供應(yīng)商，與ABB機器人合作啟動了“機器人電梯安裝系統(tǒng)”試點項目

并選擇ABB IRB 2600工業(yè)機器人來進行試驗。該款機器人的臂展達1.65米，有效載荷為29公斤，主要任務(wù)是在電梯井中鉆孔并安裝錨栓。該項目包括一個自主安裝系統(tǒng)，IRB 2600被安裝在一個可在電梯井中上下移動的臨時升降機上，通過編程使其以毫米級精度在相同的坐標上鉆孔。ABB離線編程仿真軟件RobotStudio

　　ABB機器人和ABB離線編程仿真軟件RobotStudio通過瑞典斯堪卡建筑集團的試驗，結(jié)果達到了提高鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)制造速度和效率的目標。近年來，斯堪卡一直致力研究使用機器人來生產(chǎn)輔助固定混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼筋籠。ABB機器人在鋼筋的自動化捆扎生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用，將鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)的生產(chǎn)時間從每噸16小時縮短至僅1小時，大幅加快項目時間進度。此外，在瑞典境內(nèi)用機器人現(xiàn)場制造鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)，可減少運輸和相關(guān)污染。

　　ABB機器人定制化生產(chǎn)減少能耗

　　木材的延展性和可加工性使其非常適合于機器人自動化，不會造成太多損耗。加拿大智慧城市公司攜手ABB機器人在預制生產(chǎn)線上加工、搬運和組裝大塊木材。機器人在工位中作業(yè)，按照Intelligent City公司的平臺(P4L)設(shè)計軟件中所構(gòu)建的設(shè)計來生產(chǎn)木材組件，從而能夠根據(jù)客戶的特定要求來建造定制結(jié)構(gòu)。ABB的離線編程軟件RobotStudio也可以與P4L平臺搭配使用，從而為ABB機器人規(guī)劃任務(wù)和動作。


Foxbore (?？怂共_) : I/A Series 系統(tǒng)，F(xiàn)BM 全系列(現(xiàn)場輸入/輸出模塊)

順序控制、梯形邏輯控制、事故追憶處理、數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換、輸入/輸出信號處理、數(shù)據(jù)通信及處理等。

Vestinghouse (西屋) : 1C31 系列DCS系統(tǒng)、CPU、OVATI0N 系統(tǒng)、WDPF系統(tǒng)、WEStation系統(tǒng)備件。

Triconex (英維思) :冗余容錯控制系統(tǒng)、基于三重模件冗余(TMR) 結(jié)構(gòu)的0現(xiàn)代化的容錯控制器。
　維修ABB觸摸屏常見故障現(xiàn)象：

　　⊙ 開機主機指示燈正常，但是顯示器顯示無信號輸入（黑屏）；

　　⊙ 按下開關(guān)鍵，主機無任何反應(yīng)（指示燈不亮，聽不到主機啟動的聲音）；

　　⊙ 電腦反復重啟，伴隨死機、花屏；

　　⊙ 屏破損、碎裂；

　　⊙ 顯示屏有亮，摸出無反應(yīng)；

　　⊙ 開機后不能進入windows畫面或停在畫面不動；

　　⊙ 無法安裝操作系統(tǒng)；

　　⊙ windows系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)非法操作或出現(xiàn)各種出錯英文字母或代碼；

　　⊙ 電腦運行速度明顯比以前慢，甚至有時會死機；

　　⊙ 開機BIOS檢測不到硬盤；

　　⊙ 系統(tǒng)啟動很慢，文件能看到但是打不開；

　　⊙ 硬盤不能分區(qū)格式化；

　　⊙ 顯示器出現(xiàn)偏色、缺色以及花屏；

　　⊙ 顯示器只看到一條橫的亮線或縱向的兩線，無圖像；

　　⊙ 打開顯示器電源按鈕后，顯示器沒有任何反應(yīng)；

　　⊙ 打開顯示器故障指示燈閃爍，屏幕無圖像；

　　⊙ 顯示器內(nèi)部有“吱吱”的響聲，屏幕圖像時大時小或黑屏；

　　⊙ 顯示屏圖像嚴重變形，用功能鍵調(diào)整無任何變化；

　　⊙ 顯示器屏幕很暗，幾乎看不到圖像，用功能鍵調(diào)整無任何變化；
PLC及其體系結(jié)構(gòu):
隨著自動化水平的提高，dcs控制系統(tǒng)(集散控制系統(tǒng))逐漸代替了常規(guī)儀表，其優(yōu)越性已被廣大操作人員所接受。但發(fā)生故障時，會造成裝置停車甚至事故，各種故障如何及早發(fā)現(xiàn)及恰當處理就顯得非常重要。

1、查看監(jiān)控畫面的數(shù)據(jù)

　　出現(xiàn)以下情況時，說明控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)生問題，應(yīng)立即通知微機維修人員維修，同時操作工到現(xiàn)場進行處理。

　　(1)經(jīng)常變化的數(shù)據(jù)長時間不變，且?guī)讉€數(shù)據(jù)或所有數(shù)據(jù)都不變。

　　(2)控制分組畫面中，手動自動無法切換，或手動輸入數(shù)據(jù)后，一經(jīng)確認，又恢復為原來的數(shù)據(jù)，修改不過來。

　　(3)趨勢圖畫面中，幾條趨勢都為直線不變。

　　(4)監(jiān)控畫面中，多個數(shù)據(jù)同時波動較大。

　　判斷波動數(shù)據(jù)是否為工藝上相關(guān)參數(shù)，若是相關(guān)參數(shù)則通知儀表及微機人員檢查，看是否某調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)波動引起相關(guān)參數(shù)變化，同時將相關(guān)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)打到手動狀態(tài)，必要時到現(xiàn)場進行調(diào)節(jié)。如水溶液全循環(huán)裝置中，尿素合成塔壓力正常時為l9.67MPa，如果突然大范圍波動，此時勢必引起下游的中壓系統(tǒng)、低壓系統(tǒng)壓力波動，這種情況是由于幾個相關(guān)參數(shù)中某一參數(shù)波動引起其他參數(shù)變化，并不是控制系統(tǒng)本身故障。

　　若波動數(shù)據(jù)工藝上彼此并無直接影響，則可能為微機某卡件發(fā)生故障，立即將相關(guān)自調(diào)系統(tǒng)打到手動調(diào)節(jié)，必要時到現(xiàn)場進行調(diào)節(jié)，同時，通知微機及儀表人員檢查。

2、查看操作站工作情況

　　當發(fā)現(xiàn)某個操作站死機，監(jiān)控畫面數(shù)據(jù)不刷新，調(diào)節(jié)畫面不起作用，查看右上方系統(tǒng)報警指示燈是否正常，并檢查其他操作站是否工作正常，若正常，則僅該操作站有問題，通知微機維修人員修理。若其他操作站數(shù)據(jù)也不變，則為系統(tǒng)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)故障，立即通知維修人員檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的運行情況，進行修復。

3、觀察操作站的斷電情況Point estimation

When estimating I / O points, appropriate margin shall be considered. Generally, 10% ~ 20% expandable margin shall be added according to the statistical input / output points, which shall be used as input / output point estimation data. During the actual ordering, the input and output points shall be rounded according to the product characteristics of the manufacturer's programmable logic controller. [5]

Memory capacity

The memory capacity is the size of the hardware storage unit provided by the programmable controller itself. The program capacity is the size of the storage unit used by the user application items in the memory, so the program capacity is smaller than the memory capacity. In the design stage, since the user application program has not been prepared, the program capacity is unknown in the design stage and needs to be known after the program debugging. In order to estimate the program capacity in the design and selection, the memory capacity estimation is usually used instead. [5]

There is no fixed formula for estimating the memory capacity of the memory. Many literatures have given different formulas, which are generally 10-15 times the number of digital I / O points, plus 100 times the number of analog I / O points. This number is the total number of words of the memory (16 bits are one word). In addition, the margin is considered as 25% of this number. [5]

Control function selection

The selection includes selection of characteristics such as operation function, control function, communication function, programming function, diagnosis function and processing speed. [5]

1. Arithmetic function

The operation functions of the simple programmable logic controller include logic operation, timing and counting functions; The operation function of the general programmable logic controller also includes the operation functions such as data shift and comparison; The more complex operation functions include algebraic operation and data transmission; The large-scale programmable logic controller also has analog PID operation and other advanced operation functions. With the emergence of open systems, all programmable logic controllers have the communication function. Some products have the communication with the lower computer, some products have the communication with the same computer or the upper computer, and some products also have the function of data communication with the factory or enterprise network. The design and selection shall be based on the requirements of practical application, and the required calculation functions shall be reasonably selected. In most applications, only logic operation and timing and counting functions are required. In some applications, data transmission and comparison are required. When it is used for analog quantity detection and control, algebraic operation, numerical conversion and PID operation are used. Decoding and encoding are required to display data. [5]

2. Control function

The control functions include PID control operation, feedforward compensation control operation, ratio control operation, etc., which shall be determined according to the control requirements. Programmable logic controller is mainly used for sequential logic control. Therefore, single loop or multi loop controller is often used to solve the control of analog quantity in most occasions. Sometimes, intelligent input / output unit is also used to complete the required control function, so as to improve the processing speed of programmable logic controller and save memory capacity. For example, a PID control unit, a high-speed counter, an analog unit with speed compensation, and an ASC code conversion unit are used. [5] Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, scientific research, transportation, commerce, medical treatment, service and family. The adoption of automation technology can not only liberate people from heavy physical labor, part of mental labor and harsh and dangerous working environment, but also expand the functions of human organs, improve labor productivity and enhance the ability of human beings to understand and transform the world.

Automation is a high-tech company specializing in the R & D, production and sales of intelligent automatic control, digital and networked controllers and sensors. Its numerous functional modules and perfect embedded solutions can meet the personalized needs of many users. The company has a variety of products to meet the needs of customers. The automation equipment is composed of vibrating plates.

significance

Large complete sets of equipment in the automation system, also known as automation devices. It refers to the process of automatic operation or control of a machine or device according to specified procedures or instructions without human intervention. Therefore, automation is an important condition and significant symbol for the modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology.

Check all power, air and hydraulic sources

Power supply, including the power supply of each equipment and the power supply of the workshop, i.e. all the power supplies involved in the equipment.

Air source, including the air pressure source required by the pneumatic device.

The hydraulic source includes the working conditions of the hydraulic pump required by the hydraulic device.

In 50% of the fault diagnosis problems, basically the errors are caused by the power supply, air source and hydraulic source. Such as power supply problems, including power supply faults of the whole workshop, such as low power supply, burnt fuse, poor contact of power plug, etc; The air pump or hydraulic pump is not opened, the pneumatic three-way or two-way parts are not opened, and the relief valve or some pressure valves in the hydraulic system are not opened. These basic problems are usually common problems.

Check whether the sensor position is offset

Due to the negligence of the equipment maintenance personnel, the position of some sensors may be wrong, such as not in place, sensor failure, sensitivity failure, etc. The sensing position and sensitivity of the sensor shall be checked frequently, and the deviation shall be adjusted in time. If the sensor is damaged, it shall be replaced immediately. In many cases, if the power supply, air source and hydraulic source are guaranteed to be correct, more problems are sensor failures. In particular, due to the use of magnetic induction sensors, it is likely that the internal grounding wires are stuck to each other and cannot be separated, resulting in a normally closed signal. This is also a common fault of this type of sensor and can only be replaced. In addition, due to the vibration of the equipment, most of the sensors will be loose after use. Therefore, during daily maintenance, it is necessary to frequently check whether the position of the sensor is correct and whether it is fixed firmly.

Check relay, flow control valve and pressure control valve

The relay, like the magnetic induction sensor, will also have grounding adhesion when used, which cannot guarantee the normal operation of the electrical circuit and needs to be replaced. In pneumatic or hydraulic systems, the opening degree of throttle valve and the pressure regulating spring of pressure valve will also loosen or slide with the vibration of equipment. Like sensors, these devices are components requiring routine maintenance in the equipment. Therefore, in daily work

Speaking of AI, many people can trace back to the imagination of science fiction writers nearly 100 years ago or the hypothesis put forward by Turing 64 years ago. But in my opinion, the whole history of human civilization has been permeated with the pursuit of machine intelligence. For example, the abacus, which Mr. Yang Zhenning called "the earliest computer in the world", was a mainstream computing tool until the popularity of PC. in the 1970s and 1980s, many Chinese parents sent their children to learn mental arithmetic and abacus - the abacus itself is a tool that is endowed with rules and reflects human wisdom. In essence, it can be said to be in the same strain as today's PCs, smartphones and tablet devices.

　　若部分操作站突然無顯示，則說明UPS或市電斷電，立即通知微機維修工進行維修。若有電的操作站可正常監(jiān)控，此時不會影響控制系統(tǒng)的正常調(diào)節(jié)。